Bailey, Michael A. 2001. Ideal Point Estimation with a Small Number of Votes: A Random Effects Approach. Political Analysis 9, 3 (Summer): 192-210.
Senate data
E-M Algorithm in R / S-Plus for ideal point model with covariates (marginal maximum likelihood item response model)
Department of Government ICC 590 37th and O Street, NW Georgetown University Washington, DC 20057
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Michael.Bailey@georgetown.edu